A paradigmatic moral wrong:

ACTORS: two humans; victim was innocent

ACTION: deliberate, single act

CONSEQUENCE: caused clear harm; harm was above a threshold of significance

STANDING: all agree recipient had moral standing.

                                          A typical environmental wrong:

ACTORS: multiple. Responsibility for act varies

ACTION: deliberate, but not single - rather many

CONSEQUENCE:

       -the recipients include those not present (future), and nonhumans of diverse sorts

       -for any given recipient, we do not know if harm actually occurred

       -the harm is cumulative, not all at once

       -there are countervailing benefits

STANDING: disagreement as to the intrinsic value of nonhuman