SHALLOW ECOLOGY MOVEMENT:

FIGHT AGAINST POLLUTION & RESOURCE DEPLETION. OBJECTIVE: HEALTH AND AFFLUENCE OF PEOPLE IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES.

DEEP ECOLOGY MOVEMENT:

1) REJECTION OF MAN-IN-ENV. IMAGE IN FAVOR OF RELATIONAL, TOTAL-FIELD IMAGE.

2) BIOSPHERIC EGALITARIANISM - IN PRINCIPLE. ALL FORMS OF LIFE HAVE "THE EQUAL RIGHT TO LIVE AND BLOSSOM"

3) PRINCIPLES OF DIVERSITY AND SYMBIOSIS

-ABILITY TO COEXIST AND COOPERATE IN COMPLEX RELATIONSHIPS.

-DIVERSITY TO EXCLUDE DIFFERENCES DUE TO BLOCKED OR RESTRAINED DEVELOPMENT - THUS,

4) ANTI-CLASS POSTURE - ALL LOSE SOME POTENTIALITIES OF SELF-REALIZATION

5) FIGHT AGAINST POLLUTION & RESOURCE DEPLETION

-NOT TO DETRIMENT OF TOTAL STAND

6) COMPLEXITY NOT COMPLICATION

7) LOCAL AUTONOMY AND DECENTRALIZATION

 

BIOREGIONAL MOVEMENT:

-LOCAL ECOLOGICALLY-RESPONSIBLE PRODUCTION, OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL

-REJECT NATIONAL AND MULTINATIONAL ECONOMIES & CORPORATIONS

-PAYING TRUE COSTS, INCORPORATING EXTERNALITIES

-HUMANE AND SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE ECONOMY, COMMUNAL, ANTI-HIERARCHICAL

DERIVATION OF NORMATIVE PRINCIPLE OF SELF-REALIZATION FOR ALL BEING

N1: SELF-REALISATION!

H1: THE HIGHER THE SELF-REALISATION ATTAINED BY ANYONE, THE BROADER AND DEEPER THE IDENTIFICATION WITH OTHERS.

H2: THE HIGHER THE LEVEL OF SELF-REALISATION ATTAINED BY ANYONE, THE MORE ITS FURTHER INCREASE DEPENDS UPON THE SELF-REALISATION OF OTHERS.

H3: COMPLETE SELF-REALISATION OF ANYONE DEPENDS ON THAT OF ALL.

N2: SELF-REALISATION FOR ALL LIVING BEINGS!

OBLIGATIONS TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL INJUSTICE

PRINCIPLE OF EQUITY:

ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS AND BENEFITS SHOULD BE DISTRIBUTED FAIRLY IN SOCIETY.

 

EVIDENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL INJUSTICE

1) LOW SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS & POLITICAL POWER, COMBINED WITH ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

2) CORRELATION OF RACE AND/OR INCOME WITH ENV. QUALITY

3) "RACE TO THE BOTTOM": Offering lowered taxes, energy subsidies, environmental waivers. Leads to competition between communities to offer the most favorable package of these benefits to industries.

4) SEQUENCE OF HISTORICAL EVENTS:

1) UNDERPRIVILEGED POPULATION IS SETTLED IN AREA

2) SOMETHING KNOWN TO BE A HAZARD

3) IS SITED IN THAT AREA

RESPONSES TO ENV. INJUSTICE:

1) START WITH COMMUNITY'S OWN RESOURCES.

2) COMPONENTS OF ENV. JUSTICE

A. ALL INDIVIDUALS HAVE THE RIGHT TO BE PROTECTED FROM ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

B. PUBLIC HEALTH MODEL OF PREVENTION

C. LAY BURDEN OF PROOF WITH THOSE WHO DO HARM, DISCRIMINATE, OR DO NOT GIVE EQUAL PROTECTION

D. REDRESS DISPROPORTIONATE IMPACT

3) GOVERNMENT ACTION:

Clinton Executive Order ( Sept. 30, 1993) requiring Federal agencies to codify what environmental justice should mean for policy.

4) SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRY

-JOBS AND QUALITY ENVIRONMENT

-COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN DECISIONS

5) EPA "BROWNFIELDS" PROGRAM

QUESTIONS:

Can environmental inequities be compensated with money?

What are "acceptable" risks in exchange for economic opportunities?

Are env. decisions biased because based on politics or economics more than on science?

What are the implications if applied to actions in developing countries?