(YOUR NAME, STUDENT NUMBER, AND YEAR IN SCHOOL) ENVR 202
Assignment 1
(DATE)

DIKES AND THE FLOODING OF THE NOOKSACK RIVER
Whatcom County, Washington

Previous flood-prevention systems on the Nooksack River, including river dredging and dike-building, have complicated flooding patterns and disturbed salmon habitat. Floodwaters continue to destroy agricultural lands and damage nearby homes.

When the Nooksack floods, it severely affects the citizens residing on or near the floodplain areas. Flooding washes away fertile topsoil, and deposits woody debris, gravel, and silt, leaving agricultural lands depleted of nutrients and covered with debris. Rising waters also flood rural houses as well as some urban and suburban areas.

To prevent flood damages, many residents have built dikes to protect their land and houses from the floods. However, since the rising water has to flow somewhere, flood-waters generally are diverted to neighboring lands. "Dike wars" have plagued the countryside, each neighbor trying to build higher dikes to protect their land. In previous flood years, breaking dikes have caused the most serious flood damage in the past. A series of dikes built to protect the towns of Lynden and Ferndale have inadvertently caused flooding in the Sumas area, crossing the Canadian Border and threatening homes in Abbottsford, as well.

In addition to building dikes, residents have removed gravel from the riverbed, in hopes of creating a larger path for the river to travel, and profiting economically from the sale of gravel. Some citizen groups complain that gravel removal disturbs salmon habitat, as most spawning salmon lay eggs in undisturbed gravel. Furthermore, removing gravel straightens the river path, causing more erosion downstream.

A flood control advisory board has been created to develop a flood control plan which appeases all players in the issue. The tentative plan, six years in the making, calls for:

During the development of the plan, advisory board members listened to concerns of all citizens involved, and tried to develop a plan which would appease everyone. The players in this issue and their positions, beliefs and values are listed below.

PLAYERSPOSITIONS AND BELIEFSVALUES
Floodplain residentsFlooding needs to end Flooding is destructive and costly Economic
Egocentric
FarmersPrevent flooding, esp. on own land
Flooding removes topsoil, leaves costly debris
Economic
Egocentric
County Residents (not threatened by floods)Flood protection is costly! Tax dollars drained for repairs.
Bellingham Residents pay more than fair share!
Economic
Egocentric
Residents whose dikes will be loweredNew plan unfair, as residents have spent upwards of $20,000
building dikes and fear they won't be reimbursed, lands will be flooded
Economic
Egocentric
Canadian ResidentsBetter flood control necessary
Dikes erected to prevent flooding in Lynden and Ferndale
now cause water to spill into Sumas and across borders into Abbottsford
Legal
Economic
Egocentric
Federal Officials Flood protection projects not feasable.
Won't protect area with flood control projects because projects
more expensive than property values
Economic
Political
Lummi Natural Resource GroupFlood prevention projects acceptable only if they take a holistic approach.
Salmon depend on Nooksack spawning grounds
Aesthetic
Economic
Ecological
Dept of Fish and WildlifeWant fish friendly solutionsEcological
Political

NOTE: This table provides only a minimum of information on values and beliefs -- you are urged to give more detail than this!!

REFERENCES

Pizillo, E. (1998). When the River Rises: a five-part series. Bellingham Herald (March 8-13).

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