Deadly Force Against Police 4/5/07

BJS website Number of officers killed

http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/homicide/leok.htm

Officers Killed and Assaulted (FBI)
http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/killed/96killed.pdf

Bailey, William C. 1982. "Capital Punishment and Lethal Assaults against Police." Criminology 19:608-625.

Batton, Candice and Steve Wilson. 2006. "Police Murders: An Examination of Historical Trends in the Killing of Law Efnorcement Officers in the United States, 1947-1998. Homicide Studies 10:79-97.

Chamlin, Mitchell B. 1989. "Conflict Theory and Police Killings." Deviant Behavior 10:353-368.

Fridell, Lorie A. and Anony M. Pate. 2001. "The Other Side of Deadly Force: Felonious Killings of Law Enforcement Officers." Pp. 636-663 in Critical Issues in Policing by Roger G. Dunham and Geoffrey P. Alpert. Fourth edition. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.

Iyengar, Radha. 2005. "I'd Rather Be Hanged for a Sheep than a Lamb: The Unintended Consequences of California's Three Strikes Law." Paper presented at the American Law and Economics Association Annual Meetings.
http://law.bepress.com/alea/15th/art15

Jacobs, David and Jason T. Carmichael. 2002. "Subordination and Violence against State Control Agents: Testing Political Explanations for Lethal Assaults against the Police." Social Forces 80:1223-1251.

Johnson, Jeffry L. and Michelle A. Saint-Germain. 2005. "Officer Down: Implications of Three Strikes for Public Safety." Criminal Justice Policy Review 16: 443-460.

Kaminski, Robert J. 2004. The Murder of Police Officers. New York: LFB Scholarly Publishing.

Kaminski, Robert J., Eric S. Jefferis, and Chanchalat Chanhatasilpa. 2000. "A Spatial Analysis of American Police Killed in the Line f Duty." Pp. 212-220 in Atlas of Crime: Mapping the Criminal Landscape, edited by Linda S. Turnbull, Elaine H. Hendrix and Borden D. Dent. Phoenix: Oryx Press.

Kaminski, Robert J., Eric Jefferis, and Joann Gu. 2003. "Community Correlates of Serious Assaults on Police." Police Quarterly 6:119-149.

Kaminski, Robert J. and Thomas B. Marvell. 2002. "A Comparison of Changes in Police and General Homicides: 1930-1998." Criminology 40:171-190.

Konstantin, D. N. 1984. "Homicides of American Law Enforcement Officers, 1978-1980. Justice Quarterly 1:29-45.

Moody, Carlisle E., Thomas B. Marvell and Robert J. Kaminski. 2002. Unintended Consequences: Three-Strikes Laws and the Murders of Police Officers." Manuscript.

Mustard, David B. "The Impact of Gun Laws on Police Deaths." Journal of Law and Economics 44:

Peterson, Ruth and William D. Bailey. 1988. "Structural Influences on the Killings of Police: A Comparison with General Homicides." Justice Quarterly 5:207-233.