Self-Help 12/10/07 (See Lynching)

Abnes, Richard. 1996. American Militias:  Rebellion, Racism and Religion. Downers Grove IL:  InterVarsity Press.

Austin, A. 2006. "Race and Lethal Forms of Social Control:  A Preliminary Investigation into Execution and Self-Help in the United States,. 1930-1964.  Crime Law and Social Change 45:155-164.

Ayers, Ian and John J. Donohue III. 2003. "Shooting Down the 'More Guns, Less Crime' Hypothesis."   Stanford Law Review 55:1193-

Ayers, Ian and John J. Donohue III. 2003. "The Latest Misfires in support of the 'More Guns, Less Crime' Hypothesis." Stanford Law Review 55:1371-

Bankston, William B. and Carol Y. Thompson. 1989. "Carrying Firearms for Protection:  A Causal Model." Sociological Inquiry 59:75-87.

Benson, Bruce and Gent Mast. 2001. "Privately Produced General Deterrence." Journal of Law and Economics 44:1-22.

Bernstein, Lisa. 1992. "Opting Out of the Legal System:  Extralegal Contractual Relations in the Diamond Industry." Journal of Legal Studies 21:115-157.

Black, Dan A. and Daniel S. Nagin. 1998. "Do Right-to-Carry Laws Deter Violent Crime?" Journal of Legal Studies 27:209-219.

Black, Donald. 1983. "Crime as Social Control." American Sociological Review 48:34-45.

Black, Donald. 2004. "The Geometry of Terrorism." Sociological Theory 22:14-25.

Black, Donald and M. P. Baumgartner. 1983. "On Self-Help in Modern Society."  Pp. 193-208 in The Manners and Customs of the Police, edited by Donald Black.  New York: Academic Press.

Borg, Marian J.  1997. "The Southern Subculture of Punitiveness?:  Regional Variation in Support for Capital Punishment."  Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 34:25-45.

Borg, Marian J. and Karen F. Parker. 2001. "Mobilizing Law in Urban Areas:  The Structure of Homicide Clearance Rates."  Law and Society Review 35(2): 435-466

Brenner, Arthur D. 2002. "From Informal Justice to Formal Justice:  The Decriminalization of Political Murder in Weimar and Nazi Germany."  Pp. 135-155 in in Informal Criminal Justice, edited by Dermont Freeman.  Aldershot, UK: Ashgate

Brooks, Rosa E. 2003. "The New Imperialism:  Violence, Norms and the 'Rule of Law'"  Michigan Law Review 101:2275-2340.

Brown, Richard M. 1991. “Vigilante Policing.” Pp. 52-57 in Thinking About Police Contemporary Readings, edited by Carl B. Klockars and Stephen D. Mastrofski.  New York: McGraw-Hill Inc.

Christie, Nils. 1977. "Conflicts as Property." British Journal of Criminology 17:1-15.

Chu, Rebekah, Craig Rivera, and Colin Loftin. 2000. "Herding and Homicide:  An Examination of the Nisbett-Reaves Hypothesis." Social Forces 78:971-987.

Cohen, Dov. 1996. "Law, Social Policy and Violence:  The Impact of Regional Cultures." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70:961-978.

Cook, Philip J. and Jens Ludwig. 2004. "Does Gun Prevalence Affect Teen Gun Carrying After All?" Criminology 42:27-54.

Cooney, Mark. 1997. "The Decline of Elite Homicide."  Criminology 35(3):381-407.

Cooney, Mark. 1998. "The Dark Side of Community: Moralistic Homicide and Strong  Social Ties." Sociological Focus 31: 135-153.

Cooney, Mark. 1998. Warriors and Peacemakers:  How Third Parties Shape Violence.  New York:  New York University Press.

Cooney, Mark.  2003.  "The Privatization of Violence."  Criminology 41:1377-1406.

Dedhbakhsh, Hashem and Paul H. Rubin. 1998. "Lives Saved or Lost?:  The Effects of Concealed Handgun Laws on Crime." American Economic Review 88:468-474.

DeLong, J. Bradford. 2000.  "Overstrong Against Thyself:  War, the State and Growth in Europe on the Eve of the Industrial Revolution." Pp. 138-167 in A Not-So-Dismal Science:  A Broader View of Economies and Societies, edited by Mancur Olson and Satu Khknen.  New York:  Oxford University Press.

Donohue, John J. III. 2003. "The Final Bullet in the Body of the More Guns, Less Crime Hypothesis." Criminology and Public Policy 2:397-409.

Duggan, Mark. 2001. "More Guns, More Crime." Journal of Political Economy 109:1086-1114.

Duncan, Otis D. 2000. "Gun Use Surveys:  In Numbers We Trust?" The Criminologist 25(1):1-7.

Godoy, Angelina S. 2004. "When 'Justice' Is Criminal:  Lynchings in Contemporary Latin America." Theory and Society 33:621-651.

Green, Donald P., Jack Glaser and Andrew Rich. 1998. "From Lynching to Gay Bashing:  The Elusive Connection between Economic Conditions and Hate Crime." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75:82-92.

http://www.yale.edu/isps/publications/green1.pdf

 

Greenberg, David F. 2003. "Long-Term Trends in Crimes of Violence (Comment on Cooney 2003)."  Criminology 41:1407-1418.

Helland, Eric and Alexander Tabarrrok. 2004. "Using Placebo Laws to Test 'More Guns, Less Crime'" Advances in Economic Analysis and Policy 4:1-7.

Hemenway, David. 1997.  "The Myth of Millions of Annual Self-Defense Gun Uses:  A Cae Study of Survey Overestimates of Rare Events." Chance 10(3):6-10.

Hemenway, David. 1998. “Survey Research and Self-Defense Gun Use:  An Explanation of Extreme Estimates.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 87:1430-1445.

Holland, Barbara. 2003. Gentleman's Blood:  A History of Dueling from Swords at Dawn to Pistols at Dusk.  New York: Bloomsbury.

Hood, M. V. and Grant W. Neeley. 2000. "Packin' in the Hood?:  Examining Assumptions of Concealed-Handgun Research." Social Science Quarterly 81:523-532

Jacobs, Bruce A., Volkan Topalli, and Richard Wright. 2000.  "Managing Retaliation:  Drug Robbery and Informal Sanction Threats."  Criminology 38:171-197

Kellermann, Arthur L. et al. 1993.  "Gun Ownership As a Risk Factor for Homicide in the Home."  New England Journal of Medicine 329:1084-1091.

Kimmel, Michael S. and Matthew Mahler. 2003. "Adolescent Masculinity, Homophobia and Violence:  Random School Shootings, 1982-2001." American Behavioral Scientist 46:1439-1458.

Kleck, Gary. 1988. "Crime Control through the Private Use of Armed Force."  Social Problems 35:1-12.

Kleck, Gary. 1991. Point Blank:  Guns and Volence in America.  New York:  Aldine de Gruyter.

Kleck, Gary and Marc Gertz. 1995. "Armed Resistance to Crime:  The Prevalence and Nature of Self-Defense with a Gun."  Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 86:150-187.

Kleck, Gary and Michael Hogan. 1999. "National Case-Control Study of Homicide Offending and Gun Ownership." Social Problems 46:275-293.

Kovandzic, Tomislav, Gary Kleck and Marc Gertz. 1998.  "Defensive Gun Use: Vengeful Vigilante Imagery Versus Reality: Results from the National Self-Defense Survey" Journal of Criminal Justice  26:251-258.

Kovandzic, Tomislav V. and Thomas B. Marvell. 2003.  "Right-to Carry Concealed Handguns and Violent Crime:  Crime Control Through Gun Decontrol?" Criminology and Public Policy 2:363-396.

Krueger, Alan B. and Jitka Maleckova.. 2003. "Education, Poverty and Terrorism:  Is There a Causal Connection?" Journal of Economic Perspeives 17:119-144.

Kutz, Christopher. 2005. “The Difference Uniforms Make: CollectiveViolence in Criminal Law and War.” Philosophy and Public Affairs 33:148-180.

Lane, Frederic C. 1966 [1942] "The Economic Meaning of War and Protection." Pp. 383-398 in Venice and History.  Baltimore:  Johns Hopkins Press.

Lauritsen, Janet L., Robert J. Sampson, and John H. Laub. 1991. "The Link Between Offending and Victimization among Adolescents."  Criminology 29:265-291.

Levinson, Daryl J. 2003. "Collective Sanctions" Stanford Law Review 56:346-428.

Lieberman, David M. 2006. “Sorting the Revolutionary from the Terrorist:  The Delicate Application of the ‘Political Offense’ Exception in U. S. Extradition Cases.” Stanford Law Review 59:182-212.

Lott, John R., Jr. 1998. "The Concealed-Handgun Debate." Journal of Legal Studies 27:221-243.

Lott, John R. 1998. More Guns, Less Crime:   Understanding Crime and Gun-Control Laws.   Chicago:  University of Chicago Press.

Lott, John R., Jr. and David B. Mustard. 1997. "Crime, Deterrence, and Right-to-Carry Concealed Weapons." Journal of Legal Studies 26:1-68.

Ludwig, Jens. 1998. Concealed-Gun-Carrying Laws and Violent Crime:  Evidence from State Panel Data." International Review of Law and Economics 18:239-254.

Lyons, Christopher J. 2007. “Community (Dis)Organization and Racially Motivated Crime.” American Journal of Sociology 113:815-863.

 

Manning, Peter K.  1980.  "Violence and the Police Role."  Annals 452:135-44.

McDowall, David. 1995. "Firearms and Self-Defense." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences 539:130-140.

McDowall, David, Colin Loftin, and Stanley Presser. 2000. “Measuring Civilian Defensive Firearm Use: A Methodological Experiment.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 16:1-19

McDowell, David, Alan Lizotte and Brian Wiersema. 1991. "General Deterrence Through Civilian Gun Ownership." Criminology 29:541-559.

McDowall, David, Colin Loftin, and Brian Wiersema. 1995. "Easing Concealed Firearms Laws:  Effects on Homicide in Three States."  Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 86:193-206.

McVeigh, Rory. 1999. “Structural Incentives for Conservative Mobilization: Power Devaluation and the Rise of the Ku Klux Klan, 1915-1925.” Social Forces 77:1461-1496

Messner, Steven F., Robert D. Baller and Matthew P. Zevenbergen. 2005. "The Legacy of Lynching and Southern Homicide." American Sociological Review 70:633-655.

Mitchell, Michael J., and Charles H. Wood. 1998. “Ironies of Citizenship: Skin Color, Police Brutality, and the Challenge to Democracy in Brazil.” Social Forces 77:1001-1020

 Murray, Martin J. "`The Natives are Always Stealing': White Vigilantes and the `Reign of Terror' in the Orange Free State, 1918-24." Journal of African History 30:107-123.

Phillips, Scott. 2003. "The Social Structure of Vengeance:  A Test of Black's Model." Criminology 41:673-708.

Phillips, Scott and Mark Cooney. 2005. "Aiding Peace, Abetting violence:  Third Parties and the Management of Conflict."  American Sociological Review 70:334-354.

Polsby, Daniel. 1995. "Firearms Costs, Firearms Benefits and the Limits of Knowledge Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 86:207-

Posner, Eric A. 1996. "The Regulation of Groups:  The Influence of Legal and Nonlegal Sanctions on Collective Action."   University of Chicago Law Review 63:133-197.

Rivera, Craig, Rebekah Chu, and Colin Loftin. 2002. "Do Strong Communities Increase Homicide?:  An Evaluation of the Nisbett-Cohen Thesis."  International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 22:109-121.

Schwartz,Warren F., Keith Baxter and David Ryan. 1984. “The Duel: Can These Gentlemen Be Acting Efficiently?” Journall of Legal Studies 13:321-355.

Senechal de la Roche, Roberta. 1996. “Collective Violence as Social Control.” Sociological Forum 11:97-128.

Senechal de la Roche, Roberta. 1997. "The Sociogensis of Lynching." Pp. 48-76 in Under Sentence of Death:  Essays on Lynching in the South, edited by Fitzhugh Brundage.  Chapel Hill:  University of North Carolina Press.

Sherman, Lawrence W. 1980. "Perspectives on Police and Violence."  Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences 452:1-12.

Sigelman, Lee, Susan Welch, Timothy Bledsoe, and Michael Combs. 1997. “Police Brutality and Public Perceptions of Racial Discrimination: A Tale of Two Beatings.” Political Research Quarterly 50:777-791

Singer, Simon I. 1981. "Homogenous Victim-Offender Populations:  A Review and Some Research Implications." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 72:779-788.

Sloan, John H. et al. 1988. "Handgun Regulations, Crime, Assaults and Homicide: A Tale of Two Cities."  New England Journal of Medicine 319:1256-1262.

Smith, Douglas A. and Craig D. Uchida. 1988. "The Social Organization of Self-Help:  A Study of Defensive Weapon Ownership." American Sociological Review 53:94-102.

Sunshine, Jason and Tom R. Tyler. 2003. "The Role of Procedural Justice and Legitimacy in Shaping Public Support for Policing." Law and Society Review 37:513-547.

Tilly, Charles. 1985. "War Making and State Making as Organized Crime." Pp. 169-191 in Bringing the State Back In, edited by Peter B. Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, and Theda Skocpol.  New York:  Cambridge University Press.

Tucker, James. 1989. "Employee Theft as Social Control." Deviant Behavior 10:319-334.

Van Dyke, Nella and Sarah A. Soule. 2002. "Structrual Social Change the the Mobilizing Effect of Threat:  Explaining Levels of Patior and Militia Organizing in the United States." Social Problems 49:497-520.

Warner, Barbara D.  2007. "Directly Intervene or Call the Authorities:  A Study of Forms of Neighborhood Social Control within a Social Disorganization Framework.
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Weisberg, Robert. 1992. "Private Violence and Moral Action:  The Law as Inspiration and Example."  Pp. 175-210 in Law's Violence, edited by Austin Sarat and Thomas R. Kearns.  Ann Arbor:  University of Michigan Press.

Wilcox, Pamela. 2002. "Self-help?:  Examining the Anti-crime Effectiveness of Citizen Weapon Possession." Sociological Focus 35:145-167.

Zemans, Frances K. 1983. "Legal Mobilization:  The Neglected Role of the Law in the Political System." American Political Science Review 77:690-703.