I. Roman Empire—A Brief Sketch

II. Later Roman Society and Politics

A. Social-demographic contours
B. Economic problems
C. Political evolution

Terms: Ab urbe condita (AUC—traditional Roman system of dating from legendary foundation of Rome, 753 BCE), Monarchy (753-501 BCE), Republic (501-33 BCE), Empire (33 BCE-400s CE in West, 1453 in East), Carthage, Gaius Julius Caesar (100-44 BCE), Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (Emperor Augustus, r. 33 BCE-14 CE), city-state (Latin civitas, Greek polis), Romanization, imperator (original meaning "victorious general" later "emperor"), Senate, senator, languages of the Empire: Latin, Greek, Aramaic, Egyptian (Coptic), Celtic dialects, etc., epidemics (165-180 CE, 250s CE, 540s CE etc.), latifundia, "Crisis of the Empire" 235-285 CE, Diocletian (Emperor, 284-305), Tetrarchy, Augustus (senior emperor), Caesar (junior emperor)

I. Religions of the Roman Empire

A. Paganism and monotheism
B. The imperial cult

II. Early Christianity to AD 312

A. first century
B. institutionalization and diffusion (2nd-3rd c.)
C. persecution

III. Formation of Christian Doctrine

1. Formation of the scriptural canon
2. Formation of doctrine

IV. Establishment of Christianity

A. Conversion of Constantine
B. Establishment as sole religion of the Empire

V. Changes within Christianity after Constantine

A. Effects of imperial patronage
B. Institutional growth

Terms: polytheism, syncretism, Neoplatonism, Aristotle, Judaism, deification, deified emperor, damnatio memoriae, messiah, Paul, Peter, apostle, Pliny the Younger, Emperor Decius (250), Diocletian (r. 284-305), Hebrew Bible (Old Testament in Christian usage), New Testament: Gospels, Book of Acts, Epistles (letters attributed to various apostles), Apocalypse (Revelations), canon, canonical, apocrypha, apocryphal, orthodoxy, heresy, theology, Arius, Arianism, Constantine I (r. 306-37), battle of Milvian Bridge (312), Edict of Milan (313), pagan (Latin paganus < pagus "country, rural district"), Theodosius I ("the Great" in Christian sources, not so called by pagan writers), bishop, metropolitan (archbishop), patriarchs: Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, Rome

I. Formation of the Hierarchy

A. Bishops as overseers of entire city and environs
B. Patriarchal and metropolitan sees

II. Changes within Christianity after Constantine

A. Effects of imperial patronage
B. Institutional growth

III. Eastern Monasticism

1. Egypt
2. Greek monasticism

IV. Early Western Monasticism

A. Egyptian influence in fourth century
B. Western adaptations
C. Irish monasticism

V. Benedict of Nursia and the Benedictine Rule

Terms: bishop, metropolitan (archbishop), priest, deacon, subdeacon, parish, patriarch, Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, Rome, Constantinople, Council of Nicea (325), St. Anthony (251-356), St. Pachomius (c. 292-346), St. Basil of Caesarea, Athanasius (Patriarch of Alexandria, r. 328-73), Life of Anthony, Hilary of Poitiers (d. 367), St. Martin of Tours, St. Jerome (c. 342-420), Vulgate (Jerome's Latin translation of the Bible), St. Augustine of Hippo (d. 430), Lérins, St. Victor of Marseilles, Cassiodorus, Vivarium, abbot, Regula Magistri (Rule of the Master), Benedict Biscop, Wearmouth and Jarrow, Monte Cassino

I. Division of the Empire
II. Romans and Germans
III. Establishment of Germanic Kingdoms in the West
IV. Common Features of the Kingdoms
V. Italy: Condition in the Later 400s
VI. Theodoric and the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy

terms:  Theodosius I, the Great (d. 395), Arcadius, Honorius, foederati, Germanic language family (three branches: East Germanic, West Germanic, North Germanic), ethnogenesis, Visigoths, Adrianople (378), Emperor Valens, Alaric, Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Vandals, Franks, Burgundians, Arianism, Arian, (not the same as Aryan), Ravenna, Odoacer (Odovakar), magister militum (commanding general), Julius Nepos, Romulus Augustulus, Emperor Zeno (Eastern Emperor, r. 474-91), senator, Ostrogoths, hospitalitas, Anastasius (Eastern Emperor, r. 491-518), Athalaric (grandson of Theodoric, r. 526-34), Amalasuintha (Theodoric’s daughter), Theodahad (r. 534-36)

I. Theodoric and the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy

A. Problems of the Eastern Empire
B. Solution: Ostrogothic invasion of Italy
C. Theodoric as ruler of Italy
D. After Theodoric

II. Britain after the Romans: Anglo-Saxon Views
III. Modern reconstruction: Late Roman and Sub-Roman Britain
IV. Modern Reconstruction: the Anglo-Saxon Settlements

Terms: Zeno (Eastern Emperor 474-91), Odoacer, Arianism, Ravenna, hospitalitas, senator, Boethius, Consolation of Philosophy, Amalaric (grandson of Theodoric, heir to throne of Visigoths), Niebelungenlied, Dietrich von Bern, Athalaric (r. 526-34), Amalasuintha (Theodoric’s daughter), Theodahad (r. 535-36), Maximus (would-be Roman emperor, 380s), Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (c. 890), Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People (c. 730), Gildas, De excidio et conquestu Britanniae (c. 500-540), Constantine III (would-be emperor in Gaul), St. Germanus of Auxerre, St. Patrick, Palladius, Easter, Saxon Shore, Aurelius Ambrosianus, Artorius (Arthur), Picts, Scots,

I. Origins of the Franks

A. Confederation of tribes living on borders of Empire
B. Division into two main groups

II. Establishment of the Kingdom of the Franks

A. Childeric and Clovis
B. Conversion of the Franks to Christianity

III. Politics in the Sixth Century

A. Sons of Clovis
B. Age of Gregory of Tours
C. Government

IV. Culture

A. Decline of ancient learning
B. Christian culture in Gaul
C. Society

Terms: foederati, Salian Franks, Ripuarian Franks, Childeric (ruling before 457; d. 481), Clodovech (Clovis, king 481-511), Gregory of Tours (c. 540-94, Bishop of Tours), Sigibert (King of the Ripuarian Franks), Chloderic (Sigibert's son), Alamanni (Germanic confederation in SW Germany, Switzerland), Thuringi (Germanic tribe in central Germany), Aquitaine, Septimania, Clotilda (Burgundian princess, wife of Clovis), Theuderic (son of a concubine); Chlodomer, Theudebert I, Chlothar I (aka Lothar I), (sons by Clotilda), Charibert I, Guntram, Sigibert, Chilperic I (sons of Chlothar I, d. 561), civitas ("city" i.e. administrative district), comes (count—royal governor in a civitas), centenarius (administrator of a subdivision of a civitas; subordinate to the count), dux (duke—general of an army), papyrus, Chilperic I (d. 584)

I. The Roman Empire in the Early 500s
II. Justinian at Home: Domestic Policies
III. Justinian Abroad: Reclaiming the West
IV. Aftermath
V. Origins of the Lombards
VI. The Invasion of Italy
VII. Lombards and Byzantines

Terms: Anastasius (r. 491-518), Ariadne, widow of Zeno, Justin (r. 518-27), Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus, Theodora, Corpus iuris civilis: Codex, Digest, Institutes, Novellae, Hagia Sophia, Monophysite, Council of Chalcedon (451), Kingdom of the Vandals, Kingdom of the Ostrogoths, Slavs, Avars, Persians, "Scadinavia," Langobardi (Lombards), Saxons, Gepids, fara, duke, Arianism, Justin II (r. 565-78), Paul the Deacon, History of the Lombards, Alboin, King of the Lombards (d. 572), Cleph (r. 572-74), Authari (r. 584-90), Exarchate of Ravenna, Duchy of Rome, Naples, Venice

I. Prelude: The Persian War

A. Persian successes
B. Heraclius

II. Muhammad

A. Life
B. Mission

III. Islamic Conquests, 632-711

A. Syria and Palestine
B. Persia
C. Egypt
D. Stalemate in Asia Minor
E. Points westward

Terms: Sassanian dynasty, Khosroes, Emperor Maurice (r. 582-602), Phokas (r. 602-10), Monophysites, Monotheletism, Mecca, Hijra (622 CE), Medina, Qu'ran, (Koran, in older transliteration), Greek fire, Tariq, Djibal-Tariq (Gibraltar, "Mountain of Tariq), Ctesiphon, caliph, Caliphate